Adsorption Principle of Activated Carbon
2023-09-13
The adsorption of activated carbon can be divided into physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.
1. Physical Adsorption
It mainly occurs during the process of activated carbon removing impurities from liquid and gas phases. The porous structure of activated carbon provides a large surface area, making it very easy to absorb and collect impurities. Like magnetism, all molecules have mutual attraction. Because of this, a large number of molecules on the pore walls of activated carbon can generate strong attraction, thereby attracting impurities in the medium into the pores.
It must be pointed out that the diameter of these adsorbed impurity molecules must be smaller than the pore size of the activated carbon to ensure that impurities are absorbed into the pores. This is why we continuously change raw materials and activation conditions to create activated carbon with different pore structures, making it suitable for various impurity absorption applications.
2. Chemical Adsorption
In addition to physical adsorption, chemical reactions often occur on the surface of activated carbon. Activated carbon not only contains carbon but also has a small amount of chemically bonded oxygen and hydrogen in the form of functional groups on its surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, phenol, lactone, quinone, ether, etc. These oxides or complexes on the surface can chemically react with the adsorbed substances, thereby combining and aggregating the adsorbed substances on the surface of activated carbon.
The adsorption of activated carbon is the result of the combined action of the above two types of adsorption.
When the adsorption rate and desorption rate of activated carbon in the solution are equal, that is, the amount adsorbed by activated carbon per unit time equals the amount desorbed, the concentration of the adsorbed substance in the solution and on the surface of activated carbon no longer changes and reaches equilibrium. This dynamic equilibrium is called activated carbon adsorption equilibrium, and the concentration of the adsorbed substance in the solution at this time is called the equilibrium concentration.
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